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The diamond (shine through Greek "diaphainein" and "adamantos" the Unbreakable) is a modification of the element carbon. He reached on the Mohs hardness scale (scale of relative hardness) value of 10 and is the hardest naturally occurring mineral. The hardness of diamond grinding is 140 times greater than that of corundum (ruby, sapphire) with a Mohs hardness 9 and even 1170 times larger than that of quartz.
The hardness of diamond is different on its individual crystal faces. Only then is it possible to grind the diamond with diamond, as in the diamond powder used for this purpose at any hardness occurs.
The diamond has a cubic crystal system. In the pure state it is transparent (clear). But he is often colored by impurities in various colors. These impurities and also by so-called lattice effects all colors are available: Yellow, Brown, Red, Pink, Green, Yellow, Blue, Black etc. Extremely rare diamonds are transparent with pure hues, such as Green, blue, purple, brown and yellow. In these cases, in brown and yellow, but only in case of heavy saturation, it is called in the trade of "fancy colors", or German "fancy colors". Contrary to popular belief, black color is not a fantasy, but is caused by a complete absorption of light as a result of numerous dark inclusions.
Diamond is not the way free of inclusions, it is only on the magnification. The inclusions can be microscopic in size or with a magnifying glass and even with the unaided eye. Most are mineral inclusions, such as other small diamonds or other materials that were present in the formation of the diamond or were formed at the same time with him. Cracks and inclusions are also considered to be of natural origin, eg when diamond deposits were mechanically stressed by geological processes.
For reasons of lack of transparency or unsightly color suitable 75% of world production is not for decoration purposes. This percentage is an ever-increasing industrial use in a variety of industrial processes. These stones are called in contrast to diamond jewelry as industrial diamonds.
